The research seeks to identify the most important Motives that can help the designer to choose the appropriate formalist referencias for his design. And it tries to prove its importance and its impact on the formulation and formation of architecture and expressive images in it. And it occupies a Special position in the practice of architectural design, due to its connection to the stage of composition and the derivation of ideas within the design process. After examining and analyzing a variety of examples, And the research has suggested classifying them into five main Motives: (Motives belong to the designer – Motives belong to the project - Motives belong to the site - Motives belong to the society - other Motives). showing examples of each type of these Motives. In the end, the research concluded the multiplicity and diversity of Motives that help the designer choose his formalist referencias. And their role in bringing creative ideas. In addition to the importance of Motives that belong to the society (as vocabulary of architectural heritage), especially in Arab projects, where the percentage of its use reached 45% of the studied cases. The research also concluded that the designer can also take advantage of all Motives surrounding him, and depended on more than one referencia in his design. Through it, we can develop the design process, by formulating Curricula based on starting from these Motives as a strategy for creative architectural design. To choose the appropriate formalist referencia for the design problem faced by the designer, and to achieve the goals he seeks, In a manner consistent with the project data and requirements.

30 - March - 2022

The research presents the subject of Sources of Formalist referencia in Architecture, and attempts to prove its strength and impact on the formulation and formation of architecture and expressive images in it. As an important subject associated with the practices of many architectural trends, whether that was explicitly stated or implicit. Architectural developments were characterized by different ideas and sources. The researchers considered that architecture is a expressive language and cultural product, which led them to consolidate the foundations of the relationship between form and meaning, trying to search for the appropriate sources of Formalist referencia for their designs. These sources occupy a Special position in the practice of architectural design, as they are closely related to the stage of composition and derivation of ideas within the design process. The research proposed to be classified into six main sources: (living organisms - universe and geography - language - Religious beliefs - previous buildings - human products), showing examples of each type of these sources.

14 - June - 2020

The research seeks to identify the goals that the designer can achieve when relying on formalist referencias in the practice of architectural design, and tries to prove its comprehensiveness for the multiple goals that the designer can seek, and its impact on the formulation and formation of architecture and expressive images in it. The research has proposed classifying it into six main goals: (formation and solving a functional problem - formation and solving a structural problem - compatibility with the surrounding environment - expressing a meaning intended by the designer - presenting unique and new ideas - finding economic solutions to the building). Examples are given for each of these goals. The research found that the goals that the designers achieved through the various formalist referencias that they adopted, covered the basic aspects of architecture. It covers Functional requirements, structural, aesthetic and economic requirements. It also affects the symbolic aspects of it.

1 - February - 2020

Metaphor was linked in practices of many architecture trends. But it was introduced as an important concept in the literature of post Modern Architecture trends, which is concerned with communication and meaning issues in Architecture. The literature of post Modern Architecture exhibited an impression and that was, the particular relationship between metaphor and certain trends of this architecture. To explore this relation, it was applied to the results of trends which come after modern architecture, according to three main movements, which are: Late Modern architecture, post modern architecture and Neo modern architecture, these movements represent the responses of the architects and their reactions towards the matter of modern architecture. Then the data of the study was discussed and analyzed, reaching the final conclusions of the research. Which showed that Metaphor is a phenomenon that is present in trends which come after modern architecture.

24 - April - 2016

Metaphor is an important concept in architecture, that linked in practices of many architecture trends. Whether that was explicitly stated or implicitly. The subject of the research gains importance because of its relation to obvious controversy and conflict in the literature of many architecture studies, about the relation of modern architecture trends with metaphor. To explore this relation, it was applied to the modern architecture trends. that is done according to three periods: first period: it was between 1850-1914, which can be considered the period of the beginning of modern architecture. Such as, the Chicago school and Art nouveau. Second period: is the period between the two wars, 1919-1956. It includes, Expressionism, DE STIJL, Constructivism, Functionalism and Organic architecture trends. Third period: is between 1956-1970. It begins with the spread of Brutalism, and the ideas of Archigram and Metabolism Architects. Then the data of the study was discussed and analyzed, reaching the final conclusions of the research. Which showed that Metaphor is a phenomenon that is present in modern architecture trends.

23 - March - 2016