A sustainable supramolecular deep eutectic solvent system for dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by HPLC for the determination of melamine in milk samples

• Publish Date: 10 - January - 2026

Research Abstract:

This work presents the development of an innovative green supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (SUPRADES)-based method for the extraction and quantification of melamine in milk. An extraction solvent was prepared using thymol and nonanoic acid, while a disperser solvent was prepared using choline chloride and ethylene glycol doped with β-cyclodextrin. The method showed good linearity (100–900 ng/mL, R² = 0.998), with an LOD of 27 ng/mL and LOQ of 81 ng/mL. Recovery values ranged from 92–107% with RSD < 5%, and the method achieved a greenness score of 79 according to the ComplexMoGAPI metric. The technique was successfully applied to determine melamine in real milk samples.

Publishers:

Mudar Sadiq