Benchmark dose modeling of continuous renal biomarkers for melamine nephrotoxicity in rats to derive a health-protective tolerable daily intake

• Publish Date: 6 - January - 2026

Research Abstract:

This study aimed to derive a health-protective tolerable daily intake (TDI) for melamine by applying benchmark dose (BMD) modeling to continuous renal biomarkers in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to increasing doses of melamine for 28 days, and dose-response relationships for renal biomarkers such as urea and creatinine were modeled using BMD analysis. The results showed a composite BMDL of 6.815 mg/kg bw/day, which, after applying a 1000-fold uncertainty factor, yielded a TDI of 0.0068 mg/kg bw/day—10- to 30-fold lower than current FDA and EFSA/WHO values. This work provides an advanced scientific framework for reassessing melamine risk and strengthening public health protection standards.

Publishers:

Mudar Sadiq